Ritalin LA

(methylphenidate LA)

Forms/Strengths

•  Capsules: 10 mg, 20 mg, 30 mg, 40 mg

Dosing

• Age: ≥ 6 y/o
• Onset: ~ 20-60 min
• Duration: 8-12 hours
• Release Profile: 50% IR, 50% ER
• Considerations: Capsules may be swallowed whole or opened, and the entire contents can be sprinkled on applesauce. Should not be crushed, chewed, or divided.
• Initial Dose: 10-20 mg
  • Patients currently using Ritalin: dosage is equivalent to Ritalin dose
• Titration: 10 mg weekly
• Max Dose: 60 mg/day
  

Quick Facts

• Blocks dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake; enhances focus, attention, and impulse control
• Extended-release capsule with a bimodal (immediate and delayed) release profile for consistent, all-day symptom control
• Unique bead-based technology provides rapid onset followed by sustained effect
• Common side effects: decreased appetite, insomnia, headache, gastrointestinal discomfort

Indications

•  ADHD (ICD-10: F90.0)

Off-Label Uses

•  N/A

How to Take

• Take once daily in the morning to minimize the risk of insomnia.
• Can be taken with or without food; high-fat meals may delay absorption.
• Swallow the capsule whole; do not crush or chew.
• If needed, the capsule may be opened and the contents sprinkled on applesauce—consume immediately without chewing.

Side Effects

• Common: Headache, insomnia, upper abdominal pain, decreased appetite, anorexia.
• Serious: Cardiovascular events, psychiatric symptoms, priapism, peripheral vasculopathy, growth suppression, glaucoma, tics.

Monitoring / Labs

• Cardiovascular: Baseline and routine monitoring of heart rate and blood pressure.
• Growth in Pediatrics: Regular monitoring of height and weight to detect growth suppression.
• Psychiatric Symptoms: Observe for mood changes, anxiety, or psychosis.
• Abuse Potential: Monitor for misuse or diversion.

Education

• When to Call the Doctor:

  • Severe mood changes, aggression, or suicidal thoughts.
  • Chest pain, rapid heartbeat, shortness of breath (cardiovascular concerns).
  • Uncontrolled movements, tics, or worsening anxiety.
  • Numbness, coldness, or color changes in fingers or toes (circulatory issues).
  • Unexplained weight loss or delayed growth in pediatric patients.

• Safety Tips:

  • Monitor blood pressure and heart rate, especially in patients with cardiovascular risk.
  • Use caution in patients with anxiety, bipolar disorder, or psychosis, as symptoms may worsen.
  • Avoid caffeine and other stimulants, which may amplify side effects.
  • Ensure adequate hydration and nutrition, as appetite suppression is common.
  • Tapering may be required if discontinuing after long-term use.

• Parent Tips for Pediatric Patients:

  • Encourage a nutrient-dense diet to counteract appetite suppression.
  • Administer in the morning before school for optimal effect.
  • Monitor school performance and behavioral changes.
  • Observe for sleep disturbances; adjust timing if necessary.
  • Communicate regularly with teachers and caregivers about medication effects.

Additional Information

• Contraindications:

  • Hypersensitivity to methylphenidate or formulation components.
  • Use within 14 days of MAOI therapy (risk of hypertensive crisis).
  • Symptomatic cardiovascular disease, moderate-to-severe hypertension, hyperthyroidism, glaucoma.
  • History of substance use disorder, unless benefits outweigh risks.

• Pregnancy:

  • Category C; use only if benefits outweigh risks.
  • May cause neonatal withdrawal symptoms or low birth weight.

• Lactation:

  • Excreted in breast milk; not recommended due to potential infant exposure.

• Drug Interactions:

  • Serotonergic drugs (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs) increase serotonin syndrome risk.
  • Acidifying agents (e.g., ascorbic acid) may reduce drug absorption.
  • Alkalinizing agents (e.g., sodium bicarbonate) may increase methylphenidate levels.
  • May potentiate hypertensive effects of certain medications (e.g., decongestants, beta-agonists).